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Understanding Ontology , Epistemology , and Methodology   Have you ever wondered how people figure out what’s true, what exists, or how to study something properly? In research, philosophy, and everyday thinking, three big ideas help us answer those questions: ontology, epistemology, and methodology. They sound fancy, but each is easy to grasp with clear examples. This article will explain them in plain language and show how they connect. 1. Ontology — What exists? - What it means : Ontology is about what’s real. It asks questions like “What kinds of things are there?” and “Do certain things exist independently of our thoughts?” - Everyday example : Think about “teams” at school. Is a team just the people on the roster (something real and separate), or is it something created by agreement and teamwork (something that exists because people act together)? Ontology would examine whether the team is an independent thing or a social idea people create. - Simple contrast :   - Rea...

What Are International Relations? International relations are the ways that countries work with each other. Countries meet, talk, and make plans about many important problems. These problems can be about money, safety, the environment, or help after disasters. Why international relations matter Countries are connected. People travel, businesses sell products to other countries, and news moves quickly around the world. When countries work well together, people can live safer and have better jobs. When countries do not work together, there can be fights, trade problems, or other difficulties. Important parts of international relations - Diplomacy : Diplomacy means talking and making agreements. Diplomats are people who represent their country in another country. They try to solve problems with words, not violence. - Treaties and agreements : A treaty is an official agreement between countries. For example, countries can sign a trade treaty to sell products with low taxes. - International...